TPR 2019 Coaster Poll Results!

[A.J.]

The TPR 2019 Coaster Poll Results are in!

 

 

https://coasterpoll.com/

The Theme Park Review Coaster Poll is an ongoing effort by myself (A.J.), Chase (Comeagain?) and Robb (robbalvey). We're continuing to work hard to develop THE definitive annual ranking of the world's roller coasters!

 

The reason why this poll exists is because the Mitch Hawker poll, which was considered by many to be the quintessential roller coaster poll for nearly 20 years, had kind of fallen into a black hole leaving few polls or awards that exist that we would put real faith into the results.

 

This year, we had over seven hundred people submit ballots! We would like to thank everyone who took the time to submit one - you're helping fulfill the poll's mission!

 

The way Mitch’s poll worked is that instead of being a “popularity contest” of “he who gets the most votes wins”, it actually ranked and weighted people’s real life riding experience against each other. It took into account how many coasters you’ve ridden and how those rankings compare against others with similar experiences. It also meant that no matter if you’ve ridden 50 or 500 coasters, the results were “fair and balanced.”

 

Due to confusion in last year's poll, we will NOT be running a "combined" set of results. Wooden and steel coasters are being ranked separately this year!

 

 

 

As a refresher, these are the rules:

 

• To qualify for the poll, a coaster has to be the size of a wild mouse or larger, with a select few exceptions
  
• To qualify for the poll, a coaster has to both have operated for the majority of the previous season (2019) AND be scheduled to have opened during the current season (2020, though current world events may have prevented this).
  
• To receive a numbered ranking, a coaster must have been marked "ridden" and ranked by at least 12 (twelve) people; any with less than that are given a provisional ranking and not included in the "top" lists
  
• Individual installations of roller coaster clones (Vekoma SLC, Mack Blue Fire, etc) do NOT count in rankings; Instead, their votes are all averaged together, and they are ranked as a single entry; A clone is defined as any coaster with three near-identical installations or more
  
• Any coaster that is standing but not operating (SBNO) is not ranked

 

 

Are you excited yet? Here come the results!

 

 

 

2019 Top 25 Wooden Roller Coasters

 

1. Lightning Rod - Dollywood

2. El Toro - Six Flags Great Adventure

3. Outlaw Run - Silver Dollar City

4. Wildfire - Kolmården

5. T Express - Everland

6. Phoenix - Knoebels Amusement Park and Resort (+1)

7. Voyage - Holiday World & Splashin' Safari (-1)

8. Boulder Dash - Lake Compounce

9. Colossos Kampf der Giganten - Heide Park Resort (returned from SBNO)

10. Balder - Liseberg

11. Coaster - Playland (at the PNE)

12. Ravine Flyer II - Waldameer Water World (+1)

13. Goliath - Six Flags Great America (-1)

14. Wooden Coaster Fireball - Happy Valley Shanghai

15. Mystic Timbers - Kings Island (+2)

16. Shivering Timbers - Michigan's Adventure (+8)

17. Mine Blower - Fun Spot Kissimmee (-1)

18. Renegade - Valleyfair (+3)

19. Tremors - Silverwood (+4)

20. Gold Striker - California's Great America (-1)

21. GhostRider - Knott's Berry Farm (new to top 25)

22. Troy - Toverland (-2)

23. Prowler - Worlds of Fun (new to top 25)

24. Wodan Timbur Coaster - Europa Park (new to top 25)

25. Cú Chulainn - Tayto Park (new to top 25)

 

 

 

2019 Top 25 Steel Roller Coasters

 

1. Untamed - Walibi Holland (new for 2019)

2. Steel Vengeance - Cedar Point (-1)

3. Expedition GeForce - Holiday Park (+1)

4. Maverick - Cedar Point (-2)

5. Medusa Steel Coaster - Six Flags Mexico

6. Twisted Timbers - Kings Dominion (-3)

7. Skyrush - Hersheypark (+4)

8. Taron - Phantasialand (+7)

9. DC Rivals Hypercoaster - Warner Bros. Movie World

10. Helix - Liseberg (+4)

11. Fury 325 - Carowinds (+1)

12. Twisted Colossus - Six Flags Magic Mountain (-2)

13. Intimidator 305 - Kings Dominion (-7)

14. Millennium Force - Cedar Point (-1)

15. RailBlazer - California's Great America (+5)

16. Intamin Mega Lite coasters - various parks (-8)

17. Flying Dinosaur - Universal Studios Japan (new to top 25)

18. Lech Coaster - Legendia (new to top 25)

19. Wonder Woman Golden Lasso Coaster - Six Flags Fiesta Texas (+5)

20. Twisted Cyclone - Six Flags Over Georgia (-4)

21. Wicked Cyclone - Six Flags New England (new to top 25)

22. Storm Chaser - Kentucky Kingdom (-3)

23. Goliath - Walibi Holland (-2)

24. New Texas Giant - Six Flags Over Texas (+1)

25. Superman the Ride - Six Flags New England (-8)

 

 

 

2019 10 Worst Wooden Roller Coasters

 

10. Tomahawk - PortAventura Park

9. Ghoster Coaster - Canada's Wonderland

8. Wildcat - Lake Compounce

7. Predator - Darien Lake

6. Little Dipper - Six Flags Great America

5. Underground - Adventureland (Iowa)

4. Grizzly - California's Great America

3. Anaconda - Walygator Parc

2. Coaster Express - Parque Warner Madrid

1. Bandit - Movie Park Germany

 

2019 10 Worst Steel Roller Coasters, all things considered

 

10. Comet - Walygator Parc

9. Tulireki - Linnanmaki

8. Canyon Blaster - Great Escape

7. Arrow Dynamics Loop & Corkscrew coasters - various parks

6. Dragon - Adventureland (Iowa)

5. Goudurix - Parc Asterix

4. Vekoma Corkscrew with Bayerncurve coasters - various parks

3. Zamperla Volare coasters - various parks

2. Big Apple Coaster - New York New York Hotel and Casino

1. Cobra - Tivoli Friheden

 

2019 10 Worst Steel Roller Coasters, not including clones

 

10. X / The Walking Dead The Ride - Thorpe Park

9. Ninja - Six Flags St. Louis

8. Master Thai - Mirabilandia

7. Comet - Walygator Parc

6. Tulireki - Linnanmaki

5. Canyon Blaster - Great Escape

4. Dragon - Adventureland (Iowa)

3. Goudurix - Parc Asterix

2. Big Apple Coaster - New York New York Hotel and Casino

1. Cobra - Tivoli Friheden

 

Thanks again to anyone and everyone who took the time to vote in the 2019 poll. Look out for myself and Chase to keep the thread going with fun, interesting, and random stats! As always, please comment / post if you have any questions, and we can't wait to do this again next year!

 

 

 

Some notable coasters that did not receive a rank due to low ridership, in alphabetical order:

 

Dinoconda, Dauling Dragon, Dueling Dragons (China), Dynamite, Euro-Star, Falcon, Fjord Flying Dragon, Flying Wing Coaster, Gravity Max, Hakugei, Junker, Maxx Force, Mindbender (Galaxyland), Mystic, Oscar's Wacky Taxi, Python in Bamboo Forest, Roar-O-Saurus, Soaring with Dragon, Steel Curtain, Steel Dolphin, Taiga, Timber, Wood Coaster (Knight Valley), Wood Express, Zadra

 

If you want to see any of these coasters ranked on the poll, be sure to go out and ride them!

 

 

See the full wood results here!

 

See the full steel results here!

 

 

Want more? Check out the following "top lists" throughout the thread!

 

Top 25 coasters organized by ridership

Top 15 wooden coasters running PTC trains

 

 

What additional fun and interesting "top" lists do you want to see? Leave a post!

Edited March 30, 2020 by A.J.

[Canobie Coaster]

I was looking forward to seeing these results! Thanks for compiling them!

 

The thing that jumps out most to me is Untamed topping Steel Vengeance. I love Untamed. It's my second favorite steel behind Steel Vengeance. Most people (me included) I've talked to Untamed about call it a mini Steel Vengeance, but none of those people place it ahead of Steel Vengeance.

[boldikus]

Interesting. Thanks as always for everyone who puts in work for this. Love it!! I'm not shocked by Untamed because TPR folks love the new sh*t. I'm shocked Skyrush is so high. I'm not mad at it, just surprised. No surprises on the wood list this year, except so many jackasses actually like Boulder Trash.

 

Also, are we sharing our own lists yet? https://coasterpoll.com/u/boldikus/rankings

Edited March 27, 2020 by boldikus

[PKI Jizzman]

No Beast and Mine Blower IN the 25 is very interesting! I didn't realize people liked Mine Blower so much. Flying Dino should have been in the top 25 years ago, but I understand due to lack of votes. Thanks for all the time and effort on this!

[cal1br3tto]

Now this is a bright spot in my day. Interesting lists, and the turnout was great! Also, wow, what an advertisement for Untamed--it's now back on my radar, as it should be.

[thrillseeker4552]

Interesting! Thank you to everybody involved with the poll. It is nice to read through the results and discuss something other than COVID-19!

 

I will admit I am surprised to see Untamed at the top of the steel list. It does look like a great ride, and it gives me major Twisted Timbers vibes, which is one of my all-time favorite roller coasters. Also, looking at the wood list makes me realize how many elite woodies I have still yet to ride. I have done El Toro, but dang, I need to get on Voyage, Outlaw Run, and Lightning Rod at some point!

[A.J.]

Interesting. Thanks as always for everyone who puts in work for this. Love it!! I'm not shocked by Untamed because TPR folks love the new sh*t. I'm shocked Skyrush is so high. I'm not mad at it, just surprised. No surprises on the wood list this year, except so many jackasses actually like Boulder Trash.

The top steel coasters got a little bit of a shakeup this year because we put the "clone" protocol into effect in full, which changed how the Mega Lite coasters were treated.

 

Now this is a bright spot in my day. Interesting lists, and the turnout was great! Also, wow, what an advertisement for Untamed--it's now back on my radar, as it should be.

All three 2019 Rocky Mountain coasters had an overwhelmingly good response - Zadra and Hakugei would have both placed above Untamed had they received enough riders. Hakugei was close but Zadra had a ways to go there.

 

No Beast and Mine Blower IN the 25 is very interesting! I didn't realize people liked Mine Blower so much. Flying Dino should have been in the top 25 years ago, but I understand due to lack of votes.

Beast placed at #31 this year.

[chickenbowl]

Yay - Some results! I'm happy to have ridden 41/50 of these incredible rides. Now for some notes:

 

Although Untamed is one of three RMCs I have not yet ridden (so I can't fully judge), I find it surprising to see it place so highly. In fact, every European coaster I've ridden is ranked higher than I would personally rank them (EGF, Taron, Helix, Wildifre), so maybe there's a strong European voter swing, or maybe I had universally 'worse' experiences across Europe (doubtful... I loved these coasters)?

 

I wish Hakugei had enough voters to compete because I think it absolutely deserves a spot in the Top-25. Same for Zadra, which I haven't experienced yet.

 

I also find it funny to see a separation between RailBlazer and Wonder Woman when both felt nearly identical to me (I'd even give a *slight edge to WW for keeping it's speed marginally up at the end)

 

Glad to see T Express make top 5! (Although it deserves top 2 to be honest) And it's good to see Outlaw Run beat out Wildfire!

 

The love of my life, Coaster at Playland, is still holding strong, well done!

 

And finally, it's nice to see more recognition for the best US GCI, Prowler, although it deserves a spot closer to Mystic Timbers.

[Taylor Finn]

Phoenix holding strong, as always. Continues to amaze me, every year.

 

Mystic Timbers is such a solid ride and glad to see Ghostrider get some love, as I really enjoyed my experience earlier this year.

 

i305 saw a pretty big fall this year. Are there just better coasters popping up or did folks experience some new roughness, or something?

 

Mine Blower really was a fun ride; however, it isn't going to hold up well over time, as I thought it was already a bit rough for how new it was.

 

I can't speak to Boulder Dash recently, as I rode it like 6 or so years ago. I enjoyed it and thought it was unique, but remember my father finding it a bit too rough for his taste.

 

I find myself ranking inverts pretty high (my favorite B&M type, though I did enjoy Leviathan a lot, too), so it is a bit sad to see none get any top 25 love. It is understandable with all the great new stuff out there. But Pyrenees was truly amazing. There is something about inverts carry their speed and the forces on some of the inversions is just great. They're unique rides and not for everyone, but some of the better ones have aged gracefully.

[boldikus]

Shout out to all 4 Intamin prefabs in the top 10.

[Canobie Coaster]

i305 saw a pretty big fall this year. Are there just better coasters popping up or did folks experience some new roughness, or something?

 

I can't speak to Boulder Dash recently, as I rode it like 6 or so years ago. I enjoyed it and thought it was unique, but remember my father finding it a bit too rough for his taste.

 

 

My 2019 and 2018 rides on I305 felt identical and smooth as ever.

 

As for Boulder Dash, it's definitely shaky if you ride towards the back. My favorite seat has always been the front for the speed, view, and airtime, but it just so happens to also be the smoothest seat by far. I am worried 2020 could be a rougher year since they didn't do much trackwork on it. The budget went towards Wildcat again from what they shared at the Great Nor'Easter event.

[coasterbill]

I’ve had incredible rides on Boulder Dash but if our last ride a few years ago was my only ride on it I would think it was possibly the worst wood coaster in America.

 

Even on its best day, Phoenix is better though.

Edited March 27, 2020 by coasterbill

[chickenbowl]

Yeah, I'd never blame anybody for ranking Boulder Dash high (it was divine in 2011), but even in 2016 it was awful. Seeing how far it fell was really the low-point of my coaster year. Haven't returned since

[The Great Zo]

Great work AJ. I'm not too surprised to see Untamed at the top! It's a spectacular ride.

 

Congrats to Bandit for being completely terrible! And thanks for the reminder that Tulireki ... exists, for some reason.

 

Some lists I'd be interested in seeing: top coasters in overall ridership numbers, and top-ranked coasters by opening year.

[A.J.]

Although Untamed is one of three RMCs I have not yet ridden (so I can't fully judge), I find it surprising to see it place so highly. In fact, every European coaster I've ridden is ranked higher than I would personally rank them (EGF, Taron, Helix, Wildifre), so maybe there's a strong European voter swing, or maybe I had universally 'worse' experiences across Europe (doubtful... I loved these coasters)?

While I personally adore Untamed and put it at my own #2, I suspect there's a bit of "new hotness" hype going on. However, more than half the people that rode it ranked it in their top 3, with the vast majority ranking it in their top 10.

 

I also find it funny to see a separation between RailBlazer and Wonder Woman when both felt nearly identical to me (I'd even give a *slight edge to WW for keeping it's speed marginally up at the end)

Once that new Raptor Track coaster gets built at that water park, Wonder Woman and RailBlazer will no longer be ranked and the clones will get a singular entry. That will open up two more spots for top 25 coasters as well.

 

i305 saw a pretty big fall this year. Are there just better coasters popping up or did folks experience some new roughness, or something?

We had a few people rank it relatively low, but their ballots check out. Different strokes for different blokes!

 

I find myself ranking inverts pretty high (my favorite B&M type, though I did enjoy Leviathan a lot, too), so it is a bit sad to see none get any top 25 love.

The highest rated inverted coaster was Nemesis at #28, followed by Pyrenees at #41, Katun at #42, and Montu at #45.

[robbalvey]

I was looking forward to seeing these results! Thanks for compiling them!

 

The thing that jumps out most to me is Untamed topping Steel Vengeance. I love Untamed. It's my second favorite steel behind Steel Vengeance. Most people (me included) I've talked to Untamed about call it a mini Steel Vengeance, but none of those people place it ahead of Steel Vengeance.

I actually ranked Untamed above Steel Vengeance. Is there such a thing as "too much of a good thing?" Then Steel Vengeance, for me, the answer is "YES!"

 

I personally felt that Steel Vengeance just went on for too long and did the same things over and over and over again. Don't get me wrong, I thought it was AMAZING and I have it ranked #4 in the world (tied with Wildfire) but I personally would have liked Steel Vengeance more if it were SHORTER. And yes, I can't believe I'm saying that, but that's how I felt.

 

Untamed on the other hand, was the PERFECT length (#TWSS) with a perfect mix of elements. And actually, if you look at my rankings, I actually have Medusa Steel Coaster, Twisted Timbers, Hakugei, and Untamed all tied for #3 ahead of Steel Vengeance.

 

What can I say? I just prefer the shorter more punchier RMC's over the longer, repetitive monstrosity that Steel Vengeance is. And for those who want to hate on that opinion, remember I still did rank it #4 in the world (technically #8) over hundreds of other roller coasters.

 

*NOTE: If Wildfire didn't have that short period where it kind of peters out at the end, it also would have beaten Steel Vengeance in my mind! But with Steel Vengeance monotonous too-long layout and Wildfire's weaker ending, they both tied for #4.

Edited March 27, 2020 by robbalvey

[jlp94]

My immediate reactions

- Love seeing Lightning Rod on top, been my #1 woodie for three years straight (today in 2017 actually!)

- Voyage and Coaster at PNE are a little low for my tastes But I love seeing Outlaw Run that high

This pretty much sums up my thoughts on the ride

The love of my life, Coaster at Playland, is still holding strong, well done!

- Congratulations to Colossos for having such a strong turnout, looks like all the fixing up really paid off!

- Love seeing Mine Blower in the Top 20. What a great ride.

 

- Untamed topping Steel Vengeance is VERY surprising to me. I know that everyone who went on the Europe trip last year rated it super high, but that's a true accomplishment.

- Expedition GeForce at #3 makes me very happy, since it's my #1 overall

- Millennium Force made a good turnout, love how well it's held up now that it's almost 20 years old.

- There are so many RMCs in the top 25, haha not a bad thing, but they've moved around a lot.

 

- Poor Little Dipper at SFGAm is still in the bottom 10 wood =(

- Maybe I just hit it on a good day, but I didn't hate Dragon at Adventureland at all... in fact, I really enjoyed it!

 

Where would Maxx Force and Zadra have placed with the amount of riders that had it on their ballot? I know they were two of the rides I was most interested to see a placement for.

 

I personally felt that Steel Vengeance just went on for too long and did the same things over and over and over again. Don't get me wrong, I thought it was AMAZING and I have it ranked #4 in the world (tied with Wildfire) but I personally would have liked Steel Vengeance more if it were SHORTER. And yes, I can't believe I'm saying that, but that's how I felt.

 

Untamed on the other hand, was the PERFECT length (#TWSS) with a perfect mix of elements. And actually, if you look at my rankings, I actually have Medusa Steel Coaster, Twisted Timbers, Hakugei, and Untamed all tied for #3 ahead of Steel Vengeance.

 

What can I say? I just prefer the shorter more punchier RMC's over the longer, repetitive monstrosity that Steel Vengeance is. And for those who want to hate on that opinion, remember I still did rank it #4 in the world (technically #8) over hundreds of other roller coasters.

Sums up my thoughts on Steel Vengeance well. I placed it at #4 as well, below Voyage, Lightning Rod and Expedition GeForce. And fill me in, I feel dumb asking but what does TWSS stand for?

 

Here is my ranking: https://coasterpoll.com/u/jlp94/rankings Please keep in mind that #123 and down are not in order, I just didn't have enough time to rank them. Next year I will.

[Hilltopper39]

Seeing everyone rank Untamed so high really has me excited for Iron Gwazi whenever everything finally opens again, seems like it will have similar size and intensity to SV but a really punchy layout.

 

I kind of agree about the length of Steel Vengeance to an extent, I mean yeah I still love the ride and ranked it second i believe, but if it didn't have the third lap around the structure and just did another wicked maneuver in lieu of the midcourse before hitting the brakes I'd probably still rank it just as high.

 

My only disappointment with the poll results was that my decent ranking of Predator wasn't enough to bring it out of the bottom 10 hahaha. I thought surely throwing it up in my top 50ish would bring it out bottom but nope.

[robbalvey]

And fill me in, I feel dumb asking but what does TWSS stand for?

[JG-77]

Interesting results! Thanks for running this poll, and I look forward to next year's!

 

I'll share my surprise about Mineblower's high ranking. When I rode it last summer I thought it was a blast, but fairly rough and not something I thought would be world class.

 

Glad to see lech coaster getting love, but a bit disappointed Karnan is ranking so low compared to what I've heard about it from various people.

 

Surprised that out of the 700+ people who took it less than 12 people got on Maxx Force, particularly given how many other 2019 rides that were able to make the 12 person cutoff. Perhaps I overestimated how many people go to SFGAm.

 

 

A couple questions:

 

In previous years rides with under 12 riders can be found on the results page as unofficial entries so we can see where they might have placed had they gotten enough riders. Is there a way to do this for this year's results?

 

Also, you mentioned that you aren't doing the combined results this year due to confusion in last year's results. What are you referring to? I'm not complaining about not mixing them this year (I'm sure your reasons are sound), I'm just curious what those reasons are.

 

Finally, last and least important: Any reason that Vekoma Space Warp is listed as a clone but not the prototype RMC raptor layout? I'm mostly confused because there are currently more RMC raptor clones than Vekoma Space Warp clones.

 

Once again, thanks for running this!!

 

And for anyone who cares:

https://coasterpoll.com/u/JG-77/rankings

Edited March 27, 2020 by JG-77

[robbalvey]

Seeing everyone rank Untamed so high really has me excited for Iron Gwazi whenever everything finally opens again, seems like it will have similar size and intensity to SV but a really punchy layout.

I know a lot of people were complaining when Iron Gwazi stats had the ride not being anywhere near as long as Steel Vengeance but that was one of the things that I was really happy about!

[boldikus]

Finally, last and least important: Any reason that Vekoma Space Warp is listed as a clone but not the prototype RMC raptor layout? I'm mostly confused because there are currently more RMC raptor clones than Vekoma Space Warp clones.

I read this and had a total nerdgasm.

[ytterbiumanalyst]

I also find it funny to see a separation between RailBlazer and Wonder Woman when both felt nearly identical to me (I'd even give a *slight edge to WW for keeping it's speed marginally up at the end)

Once that new Raptor Track coaster gets built at that water park, Wonder Woman and RailBlazer will no longer be ranked and the clones will get a singular entry. That will open up two more spots for top 25 coasters as well.

I wonder how much of the separation in rank is due to the separation in geography? I've been on Wonder Woman but not Railblazer, and my rankings include a whole lot of Midwest coasters and very few in California. I would think lists that include Railblazer but not Wonder Woman would be heavy on California but light on Midwest, and so how they rank relative to the rest of a user's list could be quite different.

[jlp94]

^^^^^ Ah... of course

[A.J.]

Great work AJ. I'm not too surprised to see Untamed at the top! It's a spectacular ride.

Thanks for the compliments, but this was a team effort - with Robb leading the charge and Chase doing a lot of the behind-the-scenes stuff to make the poll work the way it does.

 

Some lists I'd be interested in seeing: top coasters in overall ridership numbers, and top-ranked coasters by opening year.

Noted! We'll look into it, it might be analyzing the top 50 in order of ridership or something.

 

Where would Maxx Force and Zadra have placed with the amount of riders that had it on their ballot? I know they were two of the rides I was most interested to see a placement for.

We can't say with certainty where they would rank unless they have the ridership. Based on our current projections, Zadra would have placed in the top 25, and Maxx Force in the top 100 for sure.

 

Surprised that out of the 700+ people who took it less than 12 people got on Maxx Force, particularly given how many other 2019 rides that were able to make the 12 person cutoff. Perhaps I overestimated how many people go to SFGAm.

I'd file it under being "just a new coaster" as opposed to "the coaster everyone's been waiting for" that is Steel Vengeance. I anticipate it and Steel Curtain will get rankings on the 2021 poll at the latest.

 

In previous years rides with under 12 riders can be found on the results page as unofficial entries so we can see where they might have placed had they gotten enough riders. Is there a way to do this for this year's results?

We can't do that, because of the low ridership, it's tough to get an estimate / projection apart from "top XX". We'd rather cut them off completely than include something that might come across as inaccurate. It's unfortunate because a lot of those coasters, especially some of the newer rides in China, have been extremely well-received.

 

Also, you mentioned that you aren't doing the combined results this year due to confusion in last year's results. What are you referring to? I'm not complaining about not mixing them this year (I'm sure your reasons are sound), I'm just curious what those reasons are.

In some cases, Wooden Coaster A would be ranked above Wooden Coaster B in the wooden poll, but it would be the other way around on the combined poll, if that makes sense. We didn't want any ambiguity there.

 

Finally, last and least important: Any reason that Vekoma Space Warp is listed as a clone but not the prototype RMC raptor layout? I'm mostly confused because there are currently more RMC raptor clones than Vekoma Space Warp clones.

We included the "hyper space warp" variant found at several Fantawild parks with the launched one this year. Right now, anyway, we believe that the difference between the "normal" and "hyper" variants is not really more significant than, say, Mind Eraser vs Blue Tornado (with the bonus helix). Those are both SLCs, these are both space warps.